1709
| Years: 1706 1707 1708 - 1709 - 1710 1711 1712 | |
| Decades: 1670s 1680s 1690s - 1700s - 1710s 1720s 1730s | |
| Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1709 in literature List of state leaders in 1709 | |
Events
- January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24.000 Parisians die
- February 2 - Alexander Selkirk is rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
- June 27- Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.
- July 8 - Battle of Poltava - In the Ukraine, Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava thus effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe
- August 8 - Hot air balloon of Bartholome de Gusmao flies in Portugal
- September 11 - Battle of Malplaquet - Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria defeat France
- Emperor Nakamikado ascends to the throne of Japan
- First pianoforte built in Florence by Bartolommeo Cristofori
Ongoing events
Births
- February 24 - Jacques de Vaucanson, inventor (died 1782)
- March 10 - Georg Steller, German naturalist (died 1746)
- August 7 - Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, French poet (died 1784)
- September 18 - Samuel Johnson, writer (died 1784)
- December 18 - Princess Elizabeth of Russia, later reigning Empress of Russia (died 1762)
- Charles Collé, French dramatist (died 1783)
- John Cleland, novelist (died 1789)
Deaths
- September 14 - Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, cardinal archbishop of Toledo (born 1635)
- December 8 - Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (born 1625)
- Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (born 1675)
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