17th century

(16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries)

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. During this period, the power of England and the United Provinces increased; while that of Spain and Portugal declined.

Events

• Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterised as the Scientific revolution.
• Union of the Crowns of Scotland and England in 1603.
• The Thirty Years' War in Europe (1618 - 1648).
• James I of England institutes the baronetage as a means of raising money.
• Scottish and English Protestants sent to colonize Ireland, as reaction to Catholicism there.
• The English Civil War (1642 - 1651).
• The Manchu conquer the Chinese Ming Dynasty and begin the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China, in 1644.
• The Dutch republic known as the United Provinces became the dominant economic and political power in Europe, gaining formal independence from Spain in 1648. It also underwent crashes, e.g. the windhandel in tulips led to many bankruptcies in 1637.
• The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602, embarking on colonial expansion based on shareholdership rather than royal control. Dutch merchant ships sail all over the world, leading to the "Golden Age of the Dutch Republic".
• The Deluge (1648 - 1667): series of wars and civil wars in Poland with Sweden, Russia, Brandenburg and Transylvania which caused Poland to lose power status and began rise of Russia to power status.

Five overall largest mass killings of the 17th century

Note that the numbers given here are estimations

• Manchu conquest of China, 25 million deaths
• Thirty Years War, 7.5 million deaths
• Time of Troubles in Russia, 5 million deaths
• Mughal Empire, conquest of Deccan, 2.6 million deaths
• English Civil War, 850.000 deaths

Slave trade, Thuggee and the Extermination of the American Indians also caused probably millions of victims during the 17th century, but the number of them is far too unknown to be listed.

see also [1] (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm)

Significant people

Artists

• William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 - 1616).
• Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 - 1695).
• Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish Author (1574 - 1616)
• John Milton, English Author and Poet (1608 - 1674)

Scientists

• René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 - 1650).
• Galileo Galilei, Italian scientist (1564 - 1642).
• Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 - 1716).
• Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 - 1727).
• Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 - 1662).
• Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher (1588 - 1679).

• Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (1599 - 1658).
• Sir Thomas Browne, English author,philosopher and scientist (1605-1682).
• Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 - 1689).
• John Locke, English philosopher (1632 - 1704).
• Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 - 1677).
• Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 - 1695).

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• Calculus is invented and used to formulate classical mechanics.
• Cannon and gunpowder technology refined.
• First measurement of the speed of light, 1676.

Decades and years

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