High-bypass turbofan engine
A high-bypass turbofan engine is a turbofan with a bypass ratio of at least 5.
Advantages
These engines are generally quieter, and more fuel efficient.
Blades
The turbine blades are subject to high heat and stress, and require special fabrication. New material construction methods, Material science have allowed blade designs to be made from poly crystaline (?) (regular metal) to lined up crystals, so that when the blades heat up or cool, the crystals don't have to deform, to mono-crystaline blades.
Bird strikes are major problems to these engines.
Aircraft
Many jumbo jets use these engines.
Basically, many airplanes models come with different engines, due to global politics. Some countries require the use of engines built by a certain manufacturer for job creation / retention purposes.
The Boeing 777 has the biggest set of these engines.
Manufacturers
See also