Hayao Miyazaki

   

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Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿 Miyazaki Hayao) (born January 5, 1941) is one of the most famous and respected creators of anime, or Japanese animated films.

Miyazaki was born in Tokyo. He is the creator of many popular anime feature films, as well as some manga (Japanese comics). Although largely unknown in the west outside of animation circles until his 2002 Animated Feature Oscar, his films are almost without exception huge box-office and critical successes in Japan. Many of them explore the theme of humanity's relationship to nature.

Audiences of his work often note the character designs in his movies are, at their most basic, quite similar. This is often humorously considered an artistic perception that such characters are actors and actresses, reappearing in different films of his.

Film History

Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind was one of his first films as both screenwriter and director. He adapted it from his manga of the same name, which he had created two years previously. He later co-founded the animation film company, Studio Ghibli, and has produced most (if not all) of his subsequent work through it.

In 1997, Princess Mononoke (Mononoke Hime) became the highest grossing film of all time in Japan, until the later success of Titanic, and won Best Picture at the Japanese Academy Awards. Miyazaki retired after making Mononoke, intending it to be his last film as a director.

He came out of retirement (which he tried to retreat to several times by now) after meeting the daughter of a friend who became the inspiration for Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi), which was released in Japan in July 2001 and broke the attendance and box office records previously set there by Titanic, with 30.4 billion yen of total gross earnings from over 23 million viewings. It has received numerous film awards, including Best Picture at the 2001 Japanese Academy Awards, Golden Bear (First Prize) at the 2002 Berlin Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

Miyazaki has finished production on Howl's Moving Castle, an anime film adaptation of Diana Wynne Jones' fantasy book, which again he was forced to come out of retirement for following the sudden departure of original director Mamoru Hosoda.

One of the most distinctive trait of Miyazaki's later films, and which sets them apart from classic Western animation — like Disney — is the lack of either very bad or very good characters. The characters are human beings, and while some can be better or worse than others, they will never be perfectly good nor perfectly evil. Even "bad" characters (Yubaaba in Spirited Away, or Lady Eboshi in Princess Mononoke for example), who would be beyond any hope in Western animation, can have a good side. For example, Eboshi's ironworks provide a living for lepers and former prostitutes. While his early films do have irredeemably evil villains (Count Cagliostro in Castle of Cagliostro or Muska in Laputa), some of his films are remarkable for having no villain at all (particularly Kiki's Delivery Service and My Neighbor Totoro).

Television History

Inasmuch as feature films get more attention than television series, it's not surprising that one of the most important influences on his films, his work on the television series, Future Boy Conan, an adaptation of the children's novel The Incredible Wave by Alexander Key, is utterly missed. This television show preceded Nausicaä; the Japanese probably got interested in it because it features a world horribly transformed - in this case, by tsunami. The main antagonist is the city-state of Industria, whose leader is attempting to revive some banned technology. The series also elaborates on the characters and events in the book, but nonetheless is the source for certain character types who recur throughout Miyazaki's work. There's the-girl-who-is-in-touch-with-nature, the-warrior-woman-who-is-not-her-antagonist, and the-boy-who-seems-destined-for-the-girl. And there are lots of unusual aircraft in the series.

Miyazaki got to produce Castle of Cagliostro, a film whose protagonist is Lupin III, because he did well on the last two episodes of the first television series of the character. One episode features the theft of historic aircraft, the other giant robots adapted from those in Max Fleischer's theatrical animated Superman series from the 1940s. It is his adapted robots to which Miyazaki is referred in the Roger Wilco computer game.

Filmography

Director

Screenwriter

Further Reading

  • Helen McCarthy, Hayao Miyazaki: Master of Japanese Animation, Stone Bridge Press, 1999, ISBN 1-880656-41-8

External links




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