North Africa
North Africa is the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert, comprising the Maghreb, including Libya and Egypt, and also by some definitions the Sudan.
North Africa is vastly more uniform ethnically than anywhere in Africa south of the Sahara. It is principally inhabited by Arabs and Berbers, who are scarcely distinguishable physically. The Berbers are the indigenous people in the Maghreb, but their origins are not entirely clear.
Though North African culture as well as its people have both African and Middle Eastern roots, most North Africans are either Arabic or Berber-speaking Muslims (or, in the Copts' case, Christians).
Some North African countries, particularly Egypt and Libya, often get included in common definitions of the Middle East due to continuous contacts with the Middle East. In addition, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt is in Asia, and is thus unquestionably part of the Middle East.
Modern territories of northern Africa
Sometimes Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Mauritania are considered to be a part of this region.
History
Originally, much of North Africa was inhabited by black Africans, including Upper Egypt, as demonstrated by Saharan rock art throughout the region; however, this does not appear to have been the case in the Maghreb and Lower Egypt, which were inhabited by white Africans speaking Afro-Asiatic languages. Following the desiccation of the Sahara, most black Africans migrated South into East and West Africa.
After the Middle Ages, the area was loosely under the control of the Ottoman Empire, except Morocco. After the 19th century, it was colonized by France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. During the 1950's and 60's, and into the 1970's, all of the North African states gained independence, except for a few small Spanish colonies on the far northern tip of Morocco and West Sahara, which continues to be occupied by Morocco.
de:Nordafrika
et:Põhja-Aafrika
fa:افریقای شمالی
fr:Afrique du nord
ja:北アフリカ
sv:Nordafrika
zh:北非
pt:Norte de África
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