Reactance
In the analysis of an alternating-current electrical circuit (for example a RLC series circuit), reactance is the imaginary part of impedance, and is caused by the presence of inductors or capacitors in the circuit. Reactance is denoted by the symbol X and is measured in ohms.
If X > 0, the reactance is said to be inductive
If X = 0, then the circuit is purely resistive, i.e. it has no reactance.
If X < 0, it is said to be capacitive.
The reciprocal of reactance is susceptance.
The relationship between impedance, resistance, and reactance is given by the equation:
- <math>Z = R + j X \,<math>
Often it is enough to know the magnitude of the impedance:
- <math>\left | Z \right | = \sqrt {R^2 + X^2} \,<math>
where
Z is impedance, measured in ohms
R is resistance, measured in ohms
X is reactance, measured in ohms
Inductive reactance (symbol XL) is caused by the fact that a current is accompanied by a magnetic field; therefore a varying current is accompanied by a varying magnetic field; the latter gives an electromotive force that resists the changes in current. The more the current changes, the more an inductor resists it: the reactance is proportional with the frequency (hence zero for DC). There is also a phase difference between the current and the applied voltage.
Inductive reactance has the formula
- <math>X_L=2\pi fL \,\!<math>
where
XL is the inductive reactance, measured in ohms
f is the frequency, measured in hertz
L is the inductance, measured in henry
Capacitive reactance (symbol XC) reflects the fact that electrons can not pass, yet effectively alternating current (AC) can: the higher the frequency the better. There is also a phase difference between the alternating current flowing through a capacitor and the potential difference across the capacitor's electrodes.
Capacitive reactance has the formula
- <math>X_C= \frac {1} {2\pi fC} \,<math>
where
XC is the capacitive reactance measured in ohms
f is the frequency, measured in hertz
C is the capacitance, measured in farad
SI electricity units
| SI electricity units Edit (http://www.mywiseowl.com/index.php?title=Template:SI_electricity_units&action=edit) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SI Base unit | |||
| Name | Symbol | Quantity | Notes |
| ampere | A | Current | |
| SI Derived units | |||
| Name | Symbol | Quantity | Notes |
| volt | V | Potential difference | |
| ohm | Ω | Resistance, Impedance, Reactance | |
| farad | F | Capacitance | |
| henry | H | Inductance | |
| siemens | S | Conductance, Admittance, Susceptance | =Ω−1 |
| coulomb | C | Electric charge | |
| ohm · metre | Ω · m | Resistivity | |
| siemens per metre | S / m | Conductivity | |
| henry per metre | H /m | Permeability | μ |
| farad per metre | F / m | Permittivity | ε |
| reciprocal farad | F−1 | Elastance | =F−1 |
External links
- Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance (http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2072/elecrri.htm)
da:Reaktans de:Blindwiderstand es:Reactancia ja:リアクタンス pl:Reaktancja fi:Reaktanssi